Anthra essays

Anthra expositions The present reality can be an exceptionally befuddling place. This particularly applies to living in the United States, where one isn't generally certain which bunch they have a place with, on the off chance that they have a place with any one gathering whatsoever. With an assortment of things continually pulling at the dainty texture holding the blend of America together it's astounding how gadgets intended to for all time break those slim bonds really fortify them. It is hence that the ongoing psychological oppressor assaults have not wrecked American culture. The danger of future assaults just as the danger of organic fighting can't overcome woman freedom. The essential capacity of the danger of organic fighting isn't to slaughter a lot of individuals, yet rather to make fear and impart a feeling of powerlessness in a general public; for this situation, with the desire for tearing down the free feeling of fellowship we share. Despite the fact that we may not be totally arranged to manage a full-scale natural weapon assault, we do have a set playback for simply such a crisis. In case of the releasing of an organic weapon, government representatives at both the neighborhood and state level, for example, firemen and cops will be required as a major aspect of the primary line of safeguard so as to contain further flare-ups. Additionally, hold units, just as the National Guard, would be helpful for comparable assignments. Shockingly, the gear and preparing important to deal with an organic assault of this extent would be under the protection of the CDC, or Center for Disease Control. So as to shield the United States from an assortment of natural assaults; pharmaceutical organizations must start the mass assembling of various types of treatment for a few distinctive natural weapons. Planning this sort of reaction framework in case of an organic assault is the duty of Tom Ridge, chief of the new Office of Homel and Security. Organic weapons are vastly improved fit to causing frenzy and doubt for one'... <!

DEFINITION of Foreign Exchange Market Essays - Free Essays

Meaning of 'Outside Exchange Market' Essays - Free Essays Meaning of 'Outside Exchange Market' Meaning of 'Outside Exchange Market' The market where members can purchase, sell, trade and theorize on monetary standards. Remote trade markets are comprised of banks, business organizations, national banks, speculation the board firms, mutual funds, and retail forex representatives and financial specialists. The forex advertise is viewed as the biggest budgetary market on the planet. The outside trade showcase helps universal exchange and speculations by empowering cash transformation. For instance, it allows a business in the United States to import merchandise from the European Union part states, particularly Eurozone individuals, and pay Euros, despite the fact that its pay is in United States dollars. It likewise bolsters direct theory and assessment comparative with the estimation of monetary forms, and the convey exchange, hypothesis dependent on the financing cost differential between two currencies.[3] In a run of the mill remote trade exchange, a gathering buys some amount of one money by paying for some amount of another cash. The advanced outside trade advertise started framing during the 1970s following three many years of government limitations on remote trade exchanges (the Bretton Woods arrangement of fiscal administration set up the principles for business and money related relations among the world's major modern states after World War II), when nations bit by bit changed to gliding trade rates from the past swapping scale system, which stayed fixed according to the Bretton Woods framework. The remote trade advertise is one of a kind as a result of the accompanying attributes: its colossal exchanging volume speaking to the biggest resource class on the planet prompting high liquidity; its topographical scattering; its persistent activity: 24 hours per day aside from ends of the week, i.e., exchanging from 22:00 GMT on Sunday (Sydney) until 22:00 GMT Friday (New York); the assortment of variables that influence trade rates; the low edges of relative benefit contrasted and different markets of fixed salary; and the utilization of influence to upgrade benefit and misfortune edges and regarding account size.Advantages The forex showcase is very fluid, henceforth its quickly developing prevalence. Monetary standards might be changed over when purchased or sold without causing a lot of development in the cost and downplaying misfortunes. As there is no national bank, exchanging can happen anyplace on the planet and works on a 24-hour premise separated from ends of the week. A financial specialist needs just modest quantities of capital contrasted and different ventures. Forex exchanging is exceptional in such manner. It is an unregulated market, implying that there is no exchange commission directing exchanges and there are no limitations on exchange. In a similar manner as prospects, forex is exchanged utilizing a decent confidence store instead of an advance. The loan cost spread is an alluring bit of leeway. Back to top Detriments The significant hazard is that one counterparty neglects to convey the money associated with an enormous exchange. In principle at any rate, such a disappointment could carry ruin to the forex advertise in general. Speculators need a great deal of funding to make great benefits in light of the fact that the net revenues for little scope exchanges are very low.Functions of the Foreign Exchange Market: The remote trade showcase plays out the accompanying significant capacities: (I) to impact move of buying power between nations move work; (ii) to give credit to outside exchange - credit work; and (iii) to outfit offices for supporting outside trade dangers - supporting function.Like some other market, remote trade advertise is a framework, not a spot. The exchanges in this market are not kept to just one or hardly any outside monetary standards. Indeed, there are countless outside monetary forms which are exchanged, changed over and traded in the remote trade advertise. Elements of Foreign Exchange Market: Outside trade advertise plays out the accompanying three capacities: 1. Move Function: It moves buying power between the nations associated with the exchange. This capacity is performed through credit instruments like bills of outside trade, bank drafts and telephonic exchanges. 2. Credit Function: It gives credit to remote exchange. Bills of trade, with development time of a quarter of a year, are commonly utilized for worldwide installments. Credit is required for this period so as to empower the merchant to claim merchandise, sell them and get cash to take care of off the tab. 3. Supporting Function: At the point when exporters and shippers go into a consent to sell and purchase merchandise on some future date at the current costs and conversion standard, it is called supporting. The reason for supporting is to stay away from misfortunes that may be caused because of trade

The Quit as a Uniter and Divider Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Quit as a Uniter and Divider - Essay Example It is this blanket, an image and chronicled bookkeeping of the battles, preliminary, and tribulations of dark ladies in America, that isolates the family, and shows Walker’s dissatisfaction with the longing by numerous advanced ladies to split away from before, and to debase the genuine battles and achievements of African-American ladies, inside the setting of an actual existence loaded up with bias and hardship. As the advanced and foreward-thinking girl, Dee, visits home and her mom, Mama and sister, Maggie, Dee searches for and discovers two sews that Mama and her sister, Dicie, had dealt with together and made. The obligations of sisterhood in the Jim Crowe South were absolutely critical to endurance, and blankets all in all speak to this bond and battle for endurance. In addition to the fact that they are superb people workmanship, but at the same time are portrayals - a visual bookkeeping - of the battle for light in an obscured world. This wonderful history, chronicled in quilts, is one to be esteemed, and recalled, a demonstration of a history loaded up proudly and battles. It is clear in this short story that Mama Maggie, as yet living in the property, and established in the way of life of the South, esteem this history. Dee, then again, is just in to visit, has hitched a man with an outside religion, has shunned her given name for an African name which Mama can't articulate, and is loaded up with vainglorious anger at the severe past of her family. In a manner she needs to wear this past as an identification, yet in addition proceed onward from it simultaneously. The blanket speaks to this battle inside Dee to have leftovers from her family’s past, for example, the blanket, however to likewise flawlessly overlay it away in a cabinet, and take it out when required. Dee considers this to be as something to be utilized and controlled, while Mama and Maggie consider it to be something to be glad for, to utilize each day and to cover their bo dies in warmth and the essential pride of recognition. The strain in the story in showed by the blankets and Dee’s want to have them (Whitsett). Mom, had guaranteed them to Maggie. Dee need the blankets, yet Mama realizes that Maggie merits them more than Dee does. In spite of the fact that Maggie had not had the open doors Dee has had throughout everyday life, and isn't as effective as Dee, Maggie speaks to a progressively customary perspective on family, history, and battles, that Dee, with all her experience and refinement, can't understand. Dee loses control with Mama’s refusal to let her take what she needs from the house. Mom can detect that Dee won't treat the blankets with the imperative regard that Maggie would. The blanket is utilized to feature the pressure among Mama and Dee, and Dee and Maggie, specifically. Dee and Maggie have had a cracked relationship for the duration of their lives, and speak to the battle among innovation and conventionalism operating at a profit network. Many need to wear their legacy like a trophy, take on African names, dress in African attire, to show their previous â€Å"oppressors† that they are solid, amazing, and autonomous. This implies proceeding onward from the way of life that Mama and Maggie speak to - one of customary regard to their own family, and the resilient ladies who drove families and held the African American family together in troublesome occasions. While Mama and Aunt Dicie were close sisters and made the lovely stitches together, Maggie and Dee have no such relationship and scarcely talk, with little sisterhood or correspondence between them. In fact, the more current Dee looks down on Maggie and feels she can waltz in the house,

Memory Management Strategies Free Essays

ITCS 343 Opera-ng System Principles Memory Management Strategies Virtualizing Resources †¢? Physical Reality: Di? erent Processes/Threads share a similar equipment â€? Need to mul-plex CPU (Just ?nished: planning) â€? Need to mul-plex utilization of Memory (Today) â€? Need to mul-plex plate and gadgets (later in term) â€? The total working condition of a procedure as well as part is de? ned by its information in memory (and registers) â€? Therefore, can't simply let di? erent strings of control utilize a similar memory â€? Most likely don’t need di? erent strings to try and approach each other’s memory (protec-on) †¢? Material science: two di? erent bits of information can't possess the equivalent loca-ons in memory †¢? Why stress over memory sharing? Memory Hierarchy of a Modern Computer System †¢? Exploit the rule of region to: â€? Present as much memory as in the least expensive innovation â€? Give access at speed o? ered by the quickest innovation Processor Control Second Level Cache (SRAM) Main Memory (DRAM) Secondary Storage (Disk) Tertiary Storage (Tape) On-Chip Cache Registers 1s 100s Datapath Speed (ns): Size (bytes): 10s- ­? 100s Ks- ­? Ms 100s Ms 10,000,000s 10,000,000,000s (10s ms) (10s sec) Gs Ts Background ? Program must be brought (from plate) into memory and set inside a procedure for it to be run †¢? CPU can get to legitimately to registers and fundamental memory â€? Register access in one CPU clock (or less) â€? Principle memory can take numerous cycles †¢? Store sits between principle memory and CPU registers -  ­? to diminish CPU inert .me and make the accessible information quicker to get to. †¢? Protec-on of memory guarantees right drama on â€? to secure the drama. We will compose a custom paper test on Memory Management Strategies or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now ng framework from access by client forms and, â€? to shield client forms from each other. â€? One straightforward implementa. on is through base and breaking point registers Mulâ€â ­? step Preparing of a Program for Execu-on †¢? Prepara-on of a program for execu-on includes parts at: †¢? Addresses can be bound to ?nal values anyplace in this way †¢? Dynamic Libraries â€? Incorporate - me (I. e. â€Å"gcc†) â€? Connection/Load - me (unix â€Å"ld† does interface) â€? Execu-on - me (e. g. dynamic libs) â€? Relies upon equipment support â€? Likewise relies upon drama ng framework â€? Connecting deferred un-l execu-on â€? Little bit of code, stub, used to find the proper memory- ­? inhabitant library rou-ne â€? Stub replaces itself with the location of the rou-ne, and executes rou-ne Mulâ€â ­? step Processing of a Program or Execu-on †¢? Client programs experience a few stages before having the option to run. †¢? This mulâ€â ­? step handling of the program summons †¢? The fitting u-lity (the square shape) †¢? Creates the necessary module at each progression (the circle) †¢? Fundamentall y, it is about tie †address mapping. Authoritative of Instruc9ons and Data to Memory †¢? Address authoritative of instruc-ons and information to memory locations can occur at three di? erent stages â€? Gather 9me: If memory loca-on known from the earlier, outright code can be created; must recompile code if star-ng loca-on changes â€? Burden 9me: Must produce relocatable tribute if memory loca-on isn't known at assemble - me â€? Execu9on 9me: Binding deferred un-l run - me if the procedure can be moved during its execu-on starting with one memory portion then onto the next. Need equipment support for address maps (e. g. , base and breaking point registers) †¢? Controlled cover: †¢? Address Type: â€? Separate condition of strings ought not crash in physical memory. Clearly, startling cover causes bedlam! â€? On the other hand, might want the capacity to cover when wanted (for communica-on) â€? A physical (supreme) address is a physical loca-on in primary memory. â€? An intelligent (virtual) address is an eference to a memory loca-on that is autonomous of the physical organiza-on of memory. â€? All memory references in client process are legitimate locations. â€? A rela-ve address is a case of intelligent location wherein the location is communicated as a loca-on rela-ve to some known point in the program (ex: the starting location). †¢? Transla-on: †¢? Protec-on: â€? Capacity to decipher gets to from one location space (virtual) to a di? erent one (physical) â€? When transla-on exists, processor utilizes virtual locations, physical memory utilizes physical locations â€? Side e? ects: Can be utilized to dodge cover, Will be utilized to give uniform perspective on memory to programs â€? Forestall access to private memory of different procedures †¢? Di? erent pages of memory can be given uncommon conduct (Read Only, Invisible to client programs, and so forth). †¢? Portion information shielded from User programs †¢? Projects shielded from themselves Base and Limit Registers †¢? Each procedure has a different memory space (intelligent/client address space). †¢? A couple of base and breaking point registers de? ne the intelligent location space â€? base register holds the littlest lawful physical location â€? limit register speci? es the size of the scope of a procedure †¢? Could se base/limit for dynamic location transla9on (oBen called â€Å"segmenta9on†): â€? Modify address of each heap/store by including â€Å"base† â€? Client permitted to peruse/compose inside fragment  »? Gets to are rela9ve to portion so don’t must be migrated when program moved to di? erent fragment â€? Client may have mul9ple fragments accessible (e. g x86)  »? Loads and stores incorporate section ID in opcode: x86 Example: mov [es:bx],ax.  »? Opera9ng framework moves around section base pointers as vital Mul-programming †¢? Issue: Run mul-ple applica-ons so that they are shielded from each other †¢? Objectives: â€? Disengage procedures and part from each other â€? Permit ?exible transla-on that: †¢? Doesn’t lead to fragmenta-on †¢? Permits simple sharing between forms †¢? Permits just piece of procedure to be occupant in physical memory †¢? (A portion of the required) Hardware Mechanisms: â€? General Address Transla-on â€? Double Mode Opera-on †¢? Adaptable: Can ?t physical lumps of memory into discretionary places in clients address space †¢? Not constrained to modest number of fragments †¢? Think about this as giving an enormous number (a large number of) ?xed- ­? estimated fragments (called â€Å"pages†) †¢? Protec-on base including portion/client dis-nc-on Step by step instructions to refer to Memory Management Strategies, Papers

Police Officer Essay Example for Free

Cop Essay * Police officials work in organization with the networks they serve to keep up lawfulness, secure individuals from the general population and their property, forestall wrongdoing, decrease the dread of wrongdoing and improve the personal satisfaction for all residents. They utilize a wide scope of innovation to secure people, recognize the culprits of wrongdoing and guarantee effective arraignments against the individuals who violate the law. Cops work intimately with individuals from the criminal equity framework, social laborers, schools, nearby organizations, wellbeing trusts, lodging specialists, town organizers and local gatherings to give guidance, training and help to the individuals who wish to diminish wrongdoing or have been influenced by wrongdoing. I decided to look into this activity since I like to help individuals and the most ideal way I can envision doing this is turning into a cop. * Many police divisions necessitate that candidates be secondary school graduates; an expanding number anticipate some advanced degree. Candidates generally should be in any event twenty-one years old and U.S. residents. In numerous networks, candidates must meet least prerequisites for stature, weight, visual perception, and hearing. Since most police divisions fall under common help guidelines, candidates must finish composed assessments that measure their investigative aptitudes. Thorough physical assessments and historical verifications are additionally required. Newcomers frequently take part in formal study hall preparing in police institutes. Subsequent to graduating they keep on preparing at work with experienced officials for three to a year. In little networks there might be no proper preparing program. Officials are generally urged to proceed with their training by taking school courses in criminal equity. Cops for the most part wear a uniform while on the job. Police work can be risky and unpleasant. Officials regularly manage rough lawbreakers and might be harmed or slaughtered. They should settle on brisk choices while on the job, yet be thoughtful and understanding with individuals who are in a difficult situation or have been survivors of horrible wrongdoings and misuse. Police assurance is given twenty-four hours every day, so officials may work outside in a wide range of climate. Work shifts are typically turned; notwithstanding, officials are available to come in to work consistently for crises. Additional time might be required. Profit change, contingent upon area. In 2004 the middle compensation for cops was $45,210 every year. As officials progressed through the positions, compensation expanded. The normal least pay for police sergeants was $49,895 every year, while the normal least for lieutenants was $56,115 every year. Coming up next are a portion of the advantages gave to cops: Family/Domestic accomplice wellbeing and dental designs for dynamic workers and their qualified wards. Wiped out leave incapacity benefits Sworn representatives get twelve days of 100 percent paid wiped out leave, five days at 75 percent, and five days at 50 percent, after employing. Representatives may aggregate as long as 100 days at 100 percent, 75 percent, and 50 percent paid wiped out leave. Workers are qualified for an assistance associated incapacity retirement from the date of graduation from fundamental preparing.

New Student Photo Series 2010 Entry #19 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2010 â€" Entry #19 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog New students click here for information on how to submit your own photos for posting on the blog. ___________________________ Todays photos come from Huimin Zeng, an incoming MPA student. ___________________________ This photo was taken in the summer of 2009. After my exchange period to Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland, my friends and I traveled across the Europe before going back home. I never thought about saying Hi to an elegant swan at such a short distance. This photo was taken at the back of Cathedral of Notre Dame in the summer of 2009. I loved those bright-colored flowers around the historical buildings. It is a photo of my group doing an advertisement for Listerine at the International Business Curriculum class. My friend and I acted as mice while the other was a cat and a rabbit. It was a story about how a cat fall in love with a mouse.

New Student Photo Series 2010 Entry #19 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2010 â€" Entry #19 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog New students click here for information on how to submit your own photos for posting on the blog. ___________________________ Todays photos come from Huimin Zeng, an incoming MPA student. ___________________________ This photo was taken in the summer of 2009. After my exchange period to Lappeenranta University of Technology in Finland, my friends and I traveled across the Europe before going back home. I never thought about saying Hi to an elegant swan at such a short distance. This photo was taken at the back of Cathedral of Notre Dame in the summer of 2009. I loved those bright-colored flowers around the historical buildings. It is a photo of my group doing an advertisement for Listerine at the International Business Curriculum class. My friend and I acted as mice while the other was a cat and a rabbit. It was a story about how a cat fall in love with a mouse.

A Description Of The Structure Of Two Large Buildings In Russia - 275 Words

A Description Of The Structure Of Two Large Buildings In Russia (Essay Sample) Content: Architectural Description Student’s Name Institutional Affiliation Catherine Palace is one of the largest buildings in St. Petersburg Russia designed by the German architect Johann-Friedrich Braunstein in 1717. The building is located in Pushkin town, southeast of the city. It is a three-story building built in the baroque style, and one of its outstanding features is the length; 325-meters long (Ermann, 2015). The outer side of the building is excessively lavish. Golden statues stand on the roof of the building. The stucco faà §ade is painted blue and white, and the structural supports are made in the shape of male and female bodies. The interior of the building is fascinating, and it is painted using the Rococo style. The great hall forms the full width of the palace, and it contains tall arched windows. The ceiling of the palace is covered with fresco. The dining room forms the second half of the building, and it has blue and white wallpaper with a painted ceiling. The immediate surroundings of the building are the Hermitage Pavilion which serve s as entertainment for guests. Initially, Catherine Palace’s exterior was made of 200 pounds of Gold, but renovations have made the entire outlook golden. Saint Isaacs’s Cathedral is the largest Russian cathedral in the city of St. Petersburg designed by Auguste de Montferrand in 1858. The building is located in Saint Isaac’s Square and is designed in the ancient Greek style. It has a height of 101 meters, and the building has...

The State Of Sexual Harassment - 858 Words

Cates, S., Machin, L. (2012). The State of Sexual Harassment in America: What is the Status of Sexual Harassment in the US Workplace Today? Journal of Global Business Management, 8(1), 133-138. Unwanted sexual advances are inappropriate whether or not an individual is at work. This article speaks to the minds of people who have been sexually harassed at work in the 2000s. When written, the article explained that in the last two years sexual harassment in the workplace had actually increased. It also explains the difference between a minor incident that may involve an inappropriate comment and many inappropriate comments that may begin affecting workmanship. Previous articles have stated â€Å"most of the time† sexual harassment is based upon leadership and masculinity, but Cates and Machin state there is no reason behind it. According to the article, there are many types of sexual harassment: verbal/written, physical, nonverbal (inappropriate staring), severe/pervasive (attempted rape). These are split, according to the EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission) into two factions, quid pro quo and hostile. The consequences of these actions need to be enforced by not only termination, but possible convictions, as well. Mainiero, L., Jones, K. (2012). Workplace Romance 2.0: Developing a Communication Ethics Model to Address Potential Sexual Harassment from Inappropriate Social Media Contacts Between Coworkers. Journal of Business Ethics, 114, 367-379. Workplace romanceShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment At The Workplace990 Words   |  4 Pagesyou are friends with your coworkers. But what happens when coworkers talk about other coworkers in a sexual context. Two male coworkers talking about female staff where coworkers in the area can hear. Your manager suggests that they can help you earn a promotion if you go out with them. This puts employees in awkward situations where they might not know if this is considered sexual harassment. If it is, an employee maybe unsure what to do about it. According to the U.S. Equal Employment OpportunityRead MoreSexual Harassment Laws Essays581 Words   |  3 PagesSexual Harassment Laws Sexual harassment is one of the biggest problems facing our schools and businesses today. A week rarely goes by without a reminder of the pervasiveness of sexual harassment as a social problem. The definition of sexual harassment is any unwanted or inappropriate sexual Read MorePreventing Sexual Harassment At The Workplace978 Words   |  4 PagesPreventing Sexual Harassment in the Workplace An anti-harassment policy should be set and published to every company by the employer; moreover, this policy should state and allow the employees to complain if the harassment and discrimination occur. 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Non-the less no state lawmaker has been expelled, yet some tend to face callsRead MoreSexual Harassment Within The Workplace1349 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is sexual harassment? According to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission defines workplace sexual harassment as unwelcome sexual advances or conduct of a sexual nature which unreasonably interfere s with the performance of a person s job or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment refers to the action of repeated, annoying sexual comments, gazes and physical contact at the workplace. Sexual harassment refers to sexual actions that annoy the partyRead MoreApa Essay on Sexual Harassment1094 Words   |  5 PagesSexual Harassment Sexual harassment is a demeaning practice, one that constitutes a profound affront to the dignity of the employees forced to endure it.   By requiring an employee to contend with unwelcome sexual actions or explicit sexual demands, sexual harassment in the workplace attacks the dignity and self-respect of the victim both as an employee and as a human being. Sexual harassment is well defined as an unwelcome sexual request for sexual favors and other verbal or physical conduct ofRead MoreSexual Harassment At A Workplace Organization Essay1400 Words   |  6 PagesNumerous studies have been conducted on sexual harassment in a workplace organization. Workplace sexual harassment receives a lot of attention. According to James R. DiSanza and Nancy J. Legge (2012), sexual harassment is defined as: â€Å"Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that takes place under any of the following circumstances: 1. When submission to the sexual advance is a condition of keeping or getting a job, whether expressedRead More Sexual Harassment and Workplace Violence Essay1416 Words   |  6 PagesHarassment has plagued the world for centuries. Why should the workplace be any different? Sexual harassment and workplace violence are not only of historical roots, but contemporary issues are still present in the workforce today. Managers are addressing and combating modern sexual harassment and workplace violence, however instances still occur (Robbins, Decenzo Coulter, 2011). â€Å"Sexual harassment is defined as any unwanted action or activity of a sexual nature that explicitly or implicitly

The American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine...

â€Å"Check coming today?† The Life Insurance check that Mama will soon be receiving is the source of all the dreams in the Younger family. A major argument that Lorraine Hansberry makes in her play A Raisin in the Sun is the importance of dreams. Dreams are what each member of the Younger family is driven by. Mama wants to have her own home in a nice part of town; she does not want her children growing up in a place with rats. Walter wants to have a successful business so he can surpass the poverty that has plagued his family. And Beneatha wants to get a good education, become a doctor, and marry a nice man. Dreams are especially important to the Younger family as they come from a poverty laden family and desire to live the â€Å"American Dream.†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Walter dreams of owning a liquor store, and he shows this throughout the whole play. Walter feels that â€Å"don’t nothing happen for you in this world ‘less you pay somebody off!† Owning a liquor store is Walter’s American dream, as he believes that it will provide him and his family with a greater income so they will not have to live in poverty anymore. However, Hansberry shows through Mama how they have different views of the American dream when she tells Walter that the liquor store would be un-Christian like and that they should spend the money on a new house instead. Hansberry makes Mama more convincing by showing her carrying a Bible as she comes out of her room in the first scene. Mama also is seen asking God for help and talking about God throughout the play. This is shown when Walter admits that the money Mama gave him was gone because his partner took it and Mama says â€Å"Oh, God†¦ look down here – and show me the strength.† Mama is very angry that Walter wasted all of Beneatha’s school money, but she doesn’t let her temper get the best of her and instead goes to God for support . nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The American dream that Beneatha wants to acquire is to receive a good education, become a doctor, and marry a good man. This is where two key characters come into play; George Murchison and Joseph Asagi. George is shown as stuck up and acting like a rich white person. This shows when George enters the Younger home andShow MoreRelatedAmerican Dream in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry827 Words   |  3 Pagesnice house with a white picket fence. This was the cliche American dream. It is what most people think of when they think of the American Dream. The definition of American dream is the ideals of freedom, equality, and opportunity traditionally held to be available to every american. Well does it exist? If people work hard enough towards the dream yes, it does still exist. Moving on from the big picture, two contributions of the American dream are personal happiness and material comfort. For exampleRead MoreChasing the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry972 Words   |  4 Pages Chasing the American Dream in A Raisin in the Sun A Raisin in the Sun is a play about an African-American family living on the South Side of Chicago in the 1950s. This family is going through many struggles, both within the family and financially. The family is awaiting an insurance check. The story focuses on the individual dreams of each family member and what they want to do with the money. The family struggles to mend their family issues along with deciding what they will do with the money.Read MoreEssay on Compare Contrast a Raisin in the Sun1026 Words   |  5 PagesCompare and Contrast A Raisin In The Sun Essay In the play, A Raisin in the Sun, by Lorraine Hansberry, and 1961 movie written by Lorraine Hansberry and presented by Columbia pictures, one of the most important themes is the American Dream. Many of the characters have hopes and dreams. They all strive towards their goals throughout. However, many of the characters have different dreams that clash with each other. Problems seem to arise when different people’s dreams conflict with one anotherRead MoreLorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun1260 Words   |  6 Pagesinevitable, people still dream of catching a mirage. There is a fine line that separates those who are oblivious to this fact, and to those who are aware and accept this knowledge. The people who are oblivious represent those who are ignorant of the fact that their dream will be deferred. This denial is the core of the concept used in A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry. The perception of the American Dream is one that is highly subjective, but every individual dream ends in its own defermentRead MoreTimeless Themes A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry1306 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the most notable plays on the topic of racial minorities and family issues, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, has continued to be popular since it was written in 1959. The play is about an African American family, consisting of five members, who live in Southside Chicago during the post-World-War-Two era. The Younger family is crowded in a tiny, worn, and shabby apartment and they are fairly poor. They never have much surplus money until Walter’s father, and Mama’s husband, died andRead MoreThe Great Playwright s Life Story2415 Words   |  10 PagesBefore the relatively short life of Lorraine Hansberry tragically ended, the African-American playwright distinguished herself in American theatre and literature as she creatively and unknowingly challenged the views of African-American life, among other inescapable issues of the nation and the world, on the theatrical stage. The great playwright’s life story began on May 19, 1930. Although born during a time of hardship introduced by the Great Depression, Hansberry grew up rather comfortably in a middle-classRead MoreGreat American Play By Lorraine Hansberry Essay1476 Words   |  6 PagesIntro: Opportunity and inequality have been portrayed in America since It’s existence. In this great American play written by Lorraine Hansberry, A Raisin in the Sun, Opportunity for the Younger family is being told without the death of a relative or family member, money will always be a complication when reaching for higher possibilities. As, said in the second paragraph of the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.† But if all menRead More Racism and the American Dream in Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun1340 Words   |  6 PagesA Raisin in the Sun is written by a famous African- American play write, Lorraine Hansberry, in 1959. It was a first play written by a black woman and directed by a black man, Lloyd Richards, on Broadway in New York. The story of A Raisin in the Sun is based on Lorraine Hansberry’s own early life experiences, from which she and her whole family had to suffer, in Chica go. Hansberry’s father, Carol Hansberry, also fought a legal battle against a racial restrictive covenant that attempted to stop African-Read MoreRacial Segregation, By Lorraine Hansberry1248 Words   |  5 Pagesbut dreams – but He did give us children to make the dreams seem worthwhile,† once stated by Lorraine Hansberry. Racial segregation has been a huge topic in our society. Believe it or not, just a few decades ago African American people did not have the basic equality rights that white citizens were given. Something as simple as having a dream to become an author seemed out of reach; even impossible some might have said. Living in this kind of a world was unfortunately a reality for Lorraine HansberryRead MoreLorraine Hansberry1192 Words   |  5 PagesLorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun The characters in Lorraine Hansberrys play are very significant in understanding the play. The characters are examples of they way Lorraine lived day by day her live when she was a kid. The success of the play was brought out by the characters and her way of keeping our interest with each one of them. They characters are very critical in understanding the play. There were four main characters that made the play a sellout, Lena, Ruth, Beneatha and Walter

##ssination Of Martin Luther King Jr. And Abraham...

Robert F. Kennedys Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. and President Abraham Lincolns Second Inaugural Address were both written to acknowledge how war and hatred has destroyed our nation. Robert F. Kennedy’s purpose was to clarify the lack of equality and to offer sympathy to those who have been affected by hate crimes. Kennedy adopts a humanistic and humble tone in order to inform his mostly black audience of Dr. King’s death. On the other hand, Abraham Lincoln’s purpose was to set the platform of unity in a nation divided by cultural and ethical differences. Lincoln adopts an effective and determined tone in order to reflect on the dream he has for our nation. Robert F. Kennedy opens his remarks on the†¦show more content†¦The past, present and future are being contrasted side by side. Robert F. Kennedy used Ethos, Pathos and Logos in his speech. Since Kennedy was a politician he used his ethical appeal by speaking of how people sh all not seek vengeance or fill themselves with hate and bitterness; that is how Ethos is used. Pathos is being used when Kennedy mentioned, â€Å"Martin Luther King dedicated his life to love and to justice between fellow human beings† (7). That is how the emotional appeal was conformed into the speech. Kennedy tried his hardest to persuade and reason with his audience to unite instead of divide; that is how the logical appeal, Logos was used. Therefore, Kennedy’s purpose was to clarify the lack of equality and to offer sympathy to those who have been affected by hate crimes. Also, Kennedy adopts a humanistic and humble tone in order to inform his audience of Martin Luther King’s death. Abraham Lincoln begins his Second Inaugural Address by establishing the time period when he gives this speech. He acknowledges that â€Å"On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an impending civil-war† (8-9). Lincoln c larified both sides of the war in order to show that he acknowledged both of them and to not condemn the south. The vigilance and effort from the president conveys a strong and steady tone as he speaks of what he will do for the angion following the civil war. Abraham Lincolns speech includes parallelism

The Effects Of Immigration On The United States Essay

The topic of immigration has been a consistent topic in the media, the recent presidential election, and even in our everyday lives. What role does immigration actually play in the United States? More importantly how does it affect or not affect women and families? Is there enough research to show that gender even plays a role in migration? There is a lot of ambiguity when it comes to this part of immigration that a lot of people don’t think about. There is this narrative that many immigrants are coming to the United States to either cause trouble (e.g. start shootings, kill people) or to steal jobs from hard working Americans. This negative stereotype creates false idea of the intentions of many immigrants. The underlying issue of the recent Republican campaign has been that immigrants are stealing jobs from hard working Americans. The reason this premise presents such a good case is because the amount of foreign born adults has grown forty-six percent since 2000 (thefiscaltimes.com), that in addition to unemployment being down is why the argument that immigrants are taking jobs from the native-born American is so successful, but many economists have debunked this argument time and time again claiming that this is untrue (thefiscaltimes.com). â€Å"There has been a belief that for every job that an immigrant work has they must be stealing it from a native-born worker. Many people believe that there is gender discrimination in almost all aspects. This is just as true when itShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States1434 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough, there are many different approaches in viewing the immigration reform in the United States. Immigration can be seen as a much more complex issue than just what meets the human eye. Most immigrants do not cross the border solely because they are looking to break the law, they do so because they are attempting to seek better opportunities and lifestyle for themselves and their families. There is a strong concern in the United States that immigrants will replace American workers and reduce ourRead MoreImmigration Effects On United States1943 Words   |  8 PagesChauntel Clay Professor Kuzmack 12/7/2014 Research Paper Immigration Effects on United States Immigration has been a topic of discussion since the beginning of time. The question to let immigrants in or not to. Even till this day President Obama is still facing the immigration problems and whether to reform it or not. That should not be the problems since our country was started with Immigrants. The only people who were here were the Native Americans. So is it fair to say that we should not keepRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States Essay799 Words   |  4 Pagesyears, a lot has been spoken and researched about immigration. The goods are moving in out of the countries more freely as globalization has taken its stand. Not only goods, but people also move about more freely than before. Effects of immigration Immigration can have some positive impacts as well as some negative ones. Both the hosts and originals are affected by it. The countries which are industrialized in Western Europe or the United states are usually more of the recipient ones. The followingRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States751 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause they think a large number of immigrants will lead to a terrible effect on local residents. Based on this point, some countries adopted some strategies to limit migration. They reduced some benefits and increased the difficulty to immigrants. Even some governments such as Japan government refuse to people to immigrate. Even though immigrants bring some benefits, governments are still afraid of the negative impact of immigration on the following three aspects: local market, wages and social stabilityRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States847 Words   |  4 Pagesrefugee crisis, there has been an influx of anti-immigration rhetoric, most of which identifies immigrants and refugees as criminal. This has brought to light an ongoing debate: is there a crime-immigration nexus? This paper will explore data from various studies that have examined not only a negative relatio nship between crime rates and immigration, but also evidence of protective and generational effects of immigration. Arguing that immigration reduces crime rates rather than increases it, it willRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States887 Words   |  4 PagesThe number of immigrants, legal or illegal, living in the United States has fluctuated over the years, but it does not hide the fact that the American Dream still acts as a beacon to foreigners. People believe coming to America is the key to a better life. With the overflow of our new neighbors, we transform from a single society into a mixture of several cultures. Immigration is causing America to become a tossed salad society (a society in which ethnic and racial groups maintain separate identitiesRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States752 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause they think a large number of immigrants will lead to a terrible effect on local residents. Based on this point, some countries adopted some strategies to limit migration. They reduced some benefits and increased the difficulty to immigrants. Even some governments such as Japan government refuse to people to immigrate. Even though immigrants bring some benefits, governments are still afraid of the negative impact of immigration on the following three aspects: local market, wages and social stabilityRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States1006 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants claim that the government has become stricter on immigration. Some claim they have experience discrimination due to the attacks. The public developed a negative attitude about influence in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. A survery reveilved that half of Americans said tighter immigration policy would do a great deal to enhance U.S. national security. Harvard political scientist Samuel P. Huntington argued that if massive immigration were to continue from Latin America, especially MexicoRead MoreThe Effects Of Mexi can Immigration On The United States1252 Words   |  6 PagesRUNNING HEAD: IMMIGRATION POLICY Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Immigration on the Legal, Native Workforce Christopher R. Surfus, MBA, MPA Western Michigan University School of Public Affairs and Administration PADM-6840 Management of Public Financial Resources Professor Robert Peters, Ph.D. December 3, 2015 Immigration Policy in the United States: The Effects of Mexican Immigration on the Legal Workforce ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION ImmigrationRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States888 Words   |  4 Pages Immigration can be defined as: the movement from one country to another country. Immigration had two major impacts on the US: on the labor market and especially on the politics of race. The black rebellions of the 1960s created a political crisis for the government of US on the adequate response to black rebellions. Daniel Patrick Moynihan and President Johnson proposed two different policies to resolve black poverty. Moynihan’s reason as to why black poverty exists is due to the pathology of

The Most Popular Researched Argument Essay Topics

The Most Popular Researched Argument Essay Topics Getting in a position to compose a strong argument will allow you to succeed in society. At length, you also need to have the ability to explore each side of the argument to provide a rounded essay. Arguments always happen in a specific context. You are able to restate your argument, which is a rather common practice amongst essayists. You need to realize that different individuals have various points of view regarding the very same topic, so be patient. Look through the list of topics with care and start making a mental collection of the evidence it's possible to use on topics you want. All you will need is a simple topic. In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good notion to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. It's possible to opt for an intriguing topic from any area of science. The next portion of your intro is devoted to offering some comprehensive background information on your topic. Finding the most suitable arguments can help you prove your point and win. If you get to select your own topic, that's good. The topic has to be based on an excellent evidence base. Once it has been decided, it is essential to develop an argument surrounding the same. For instance, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing perspective. The very best thing about an argumentative essay which contains social issues is that you could describe your individual experience on the case of the real-life case. You might also want to incorporate a brief discussion of more research that ought to be completed in light of your work. If you're struggling, you always have the option to obtain help by employing an essay writing service such as ours. You may continue to keep your argumentative essays for your upcoming job portfolio in case they're highly graded. Preferably, it must be something which you're an expert in. In terms of the organization of the last essay, it's advisable to use a 5-paragraph structure. The structure of your paper's outline is exactly like the structure of your whole essay. Top Choices of Researched Argument Essay Topics Recent argumentative essay topics that are related to society is going to do. In order to supply an in-depth understanding about the argumentative essay, it is wise to examine some of the greatest examples of argumentative essay. When you are finished with your essay, you must not simply check it for spelling and grammatical errors, but nevertheless, it also has to be checked for logical fallacies. The essay should have a little structure, unlike a normal essay. Remember that the amount of your essay is contingent on the assignment provided to you. You have to make sure you keep on that 1 side during your whole essay. Regardless of what essay topic you're given, our essay generator will have the ability to finish your essay easily. It is an impossible task to produce the powerful, persuasive paper or speech without understanding how to compose a decent argumentative essay. If you've got to write your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. It would be far faster and comfortable if you're going to take notes while reading. In case you've wrapped up your principal argument, but you lack the idea about what's next, you own a reason to discover online academic writing service. When you're picking your topic, remember that it's much simpler to write about something which you presently have interest ineven in case you don't know a great deal about it. Explain why the dilemma is vital. It is that everyone's interpretation of what makes a good society is different.

Example of Bullwhipp Effect free essay sample

The Barilla company, a major pasta producer located in Italy provides a demonstrative of issues resulting from the bullwhip effect. Barilla offered special discounts to their customer who ordered full truckload of their goods. Such marketing deals created customer demand-patterns were highly peaked and volatile. The supply chain costs were so high that they outstripped the benefits from full truckload transportation. The Barilla case was one of the first published cases that empirically supported the bullwhip phenomenon. The 5 major reasons leading to the bullwhip effect according to Lee: Demand signal processing is the is the practice of decision makers adjusting the parameters of the inventory replenishment rule. Target stock levels, safety stocks and demand forecasts are updated in view of information or deviations from targets. Another major cause of the bullwhip problem is the lead-time, which is caused by two components. The physical delays and also delays in cause of information. We will write a custom essay sample on Example of Bullwhipp Effect or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The lead-time is a key parameter to calculate safety stocks. The third bullwhip creator is the practice of order batching. Economies of scale in ordering, production set-ups or transportation will quite clearly increase order variability. The fourth major cause of bullwhip is highlighted by Lee has to do with price fluctuations. Price discounts and quantity discounts are often offered by retailers. So the retailers buy goods in advance and quantities and store them. This do not reflect their immediate needs. The fifth cause of bullwhip is connected with rationing and shortage gaming. Inflated orders placed by supply chain occupants during shortage periods tend to boost the bullwhip effect. Possibilities to minimize the bullwhip effect (in order to avoid costs): improve communication in the supply chain simultaneousness of actions (therefore time delays and reaction times can be avoided) centralization of disposition establish strategic alliances reduce the variability

Sources of Arbitration Rules

Question: Discuss about theSources of Arbitration Rules. Answer: Introduction The Chartered Institute of Arbitrators defines arbitration as settlement of disputes outside of court by a third party whose decision is binding.[1] Arbitration is a legal method of seeking redress in the sense that it is provided for by the law. The only difference is that awards are decided by arbitrators and not a court of law. There are also rules that regulate arbitration to ensure that it is just, fair and bears positive results. These rules dictate how parties relate and how the third parties interact with them. Sources of Arbitral Rules Arbitral rules are constructed in accordance with arbitrary law. Celik highlights that arbitrary law is characterized by confidentiality, freedom of choice and flexibility. Furthermore, she notes down sources of these laws[2] The Arbitration Act 1996[3] gives arbitration procedures independence from the courts. These means that the court only comes in to appointing arbitrators, enforce awards or when either party seeks to dispute the award given. Civil Procedure Rules[4] further dictate how courts handle civil cases. These rules, however, also provide guidelines on the involvement of courts in arbitrary cases. [5] UNCITRAL Model Rules for Arbitration[6] which the United Kingdom is party to. However, there are reservations on certain clauses. However, the New York Convention of 1958 on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards provides that awards be enforceable by High Courts of member countries. The UK is a party to this treaty hence these rules applies to arbitration. In further discussing these rules, Latham and Watkins introduce three institutions that are factored in a while choosing which rules to apply.[7] ICC[8], LCIA[9], and ICDR[10] are most favorable to apply since they are internationally recognized and also merge well with local laws. These institutions supervise arbitrary cases by receiving submissions, supervising appointment of the arbitrator/ tribunal and also addressing any upcoming issues with regards to the effectivity of the arbitrator. However, ICC has additional provisions[11] such as preparation of terms of reference inclusive of the claims, defenses, and relief being sought and an analysis of draft awards by their court before they can be awarded. These provisions protect the interests of both parties by ensuring that their tights are upheld. This, however, comes at an added cost. Bargaining Power of Parties In accessing fairness in arbitration, the parties are at liberty to decide together on their arbitrator, the rules they will apply, the place of arbitration and the language of arbitration. This ensures that each party is content and believes that their best interests have been considered. Equity and its principles factor in. For example, a court can remove an arbitrator that is deemed to be biased to one party.[12] In Copeley Ltd vs. Bingham Another[13] Cofely acted as an arbitrator on severally in proceedings where Knowles was one of the parties. These cases contributed to 25% of Cofelys incomes and where found in favor of the claimant. The court held that indeed there were doubts as to the independence of the arbitrator. This is because it seems that he could be in cahoots with the claimant to earn unfairly. Brazell and Paranavitane[14] highlight that principles of equity were applied to ensure confidentiality of information is upheld. This means that parties were able to hold arbitrators accountable if at all they breached any of the terms. Torts and equitable remedies provide the channel to seek redress even in arbitration. In arbitration, even he who has the superior bargaining advantage must act in the required manner if he stands a chance to win the case. This means that whether they can afford the best legal representation or the arbitration laws favour them, they must act in clean hands.[15] Conclusion In assessing which rules protect the minority from that which has higher bargaining power, there is no specific set of rules that directly speak to this. What is best is that both parties analyze which rules apply best to the issue in question, cater to their geographical mobility and financial constraints. This way, they will have knowledgeable and experienced arbitrators that understand their field and terminologies that apply. Ultimately, even the awards granted will be fair. Bibliography Brazell, L. and Paranavitane, V,.(May 2015) Protecting trade secrets under English law. Retrieved from https://www.osborneclarke.com/insights/Protecting-trade-secrets-under-English-law/ Celik, Michelle. Legal Information Management; Cambridge (Sep 2009): Sources of Arbitration Law. 199. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/article/div-class-title-sources-of-arbitration-law-div/B3D1E4C8BCAA171A909381D37132AB45 Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. What is Arbitration? (2016). Retrieved from https://www.ciarb.org/dispute-appointment-service/arbitration/what-is-arbitration Chartered Institute of Arbitrators. CIArb Arbitration Rules. Practice and Standards Committee. 1 December 2015. Retrieved from https://www.ciarb.org/docs/default-source/das/ciarb-arbitration-rules.pdf?sfvrsn=2 Latham Watkins. International Arbitration Practice: Guide to International Arbitration. Williams J, Lal, H Gump, H, R. Arbitration Procedures and Practices in the UK (England and Wales): overview. Global Practical Guide 2016/2017. Retrieved from global.practicallaw.com/arbitration-guide

Empathy Essay Topics - Some Tips on How to Write the Essay Topic

Empathy Essay Topics - Some Tips on How to Write the Essay TopicEmpathy essay topics are very important in order to create the ideal writing style for the students in the examination. The student who has been entrusted with the responsibility of writing this should be well acquainted with it and he/she should have sufficient awareness about the required characteristics of the essay. The best way to get the right essay topics for the students is to look at the previous records of the students who have already written for exams and also look at the style of writing. These tips will give a proper understanding of what type of essay is expected from the students in this examination.First, to learn about the student write the experience of the student in writing an essay. You can go through the previous essays that were written by the students as they write a different kind of writing style. Now, the student who writes a review essay for the exam should know the tricks that he/she has lea rned in writing an essay. It is the best way to avoid writing a bad essay.Second, the student should learn how to write a good essay. The student should be able to read the descriptions and the concept clearly before writing the essay. There are several places where the students can learn the necessary tools of writing an essay. For example, they can go through online resources or they can go through the guidance manuals and guides that are available in the libraries. In these online resources, you will find all the possible ways of writing an essay and how to use them effectively.Third, there are some general guidelines that can be applied to the student's writing styles. As an example, the student should use more than one paragraph. They should use paragraphs to convey their thoughts in a coherent way. The importance of the main idea should not be forgotten. Also, the writer should make sure that he/she provides sound and well thought out and convincing points that relate to the t opic of the essay.If the student is in a need of knowledge about different essay topics in English literature, then they should look up to various online resources that are available in the internet. These online resources have lots of information on various essays that are required for the exams. You can get insight on the topics that are required for the examination through these resources.Fourth, the student who is writing an essay for the exam should know that they have to give the best and the most convincing point that suit the topic of the English literature. In addition, the writer must be careful about the tone and the rhythm that he/she should adopt while writing.Students should be able to learn all the important aspects of writing for the exam from these websites. The online resources will help the students prepare themselves for the English literature examination.

Home Video Rental Industry

Home video rental industry is a technology intensive industry. Technology provides several growth opportunities and challenges. It provides an opportunity for companies in the industry to stream movies to their customers. However, it also increases competition from other sources of movies. This necessitates companies in the industry to develop efficient development strategies to cater for the current and future needs of the customers.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Home Video Rental Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, efficient strategies would help in strategic positioning of the company to enable it to cope with the changes in the market. Failure to develop efficient strategies would lead to the ultimate collapse of a company. Netflix and Blockbuster are some of the major players in the home video rental industry. Both Netflix and Blockbuster rely heavily on online streaming of movies o n demand for a sizeable percentage of their revenues. Amazon and iTunes, other major players in the industry, also enable customers to download movies online for a certain fee. Downloading movies online is the trend that is likely to continue in the future. This necessitates companies to look for efficient platforms to distribute their movies. Gone are the days when companies relied heavily on physical distribution of their movies via mail or certain drop-off points. Companies desire to be market leaders in the industry should strive to make watching movies at home faster and easier (Greenwald para 3). Grown in online consumption of products necessitates companies in the industry to shift their focus to online sales. Analysts predict that online sales of movies will surpass sales of DVDs in the near future (Frankel para 3). This would greatly benefit companies that are market leaders in online sales of movies. These include Amazon and iTunes. The major benefit of online sales is the low cost of management. This is because companies do not need a physical presence to operate in the areas. Customers only need an internet connection to access the movies regardless of their geographic location. For companies in the home video rental industry to acquire a competitive edge, they should have a wide collection of movies. Having a wider collection of movies would enable companies to compete effectively with other sources of movies, which include cable TV. Having a wider collection of movies would also increase customer loyalty to a company as they are guaranteed of getting the movies they desire. In addition, diversification of services would enable companies in the industry remain profitable. One of the major areas of diversification for companies in the industry is provision of games.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Netflix is one of the companies that h as the best chance of survival in the industry, which is changing rapidly. In 2011, Netflix created Qwikster in an attempt to split its subscription model. The Qwikster brand would deal will solely online subscription of movies while the Netflix brand would continue offering DVD services. The company opted to implement this strategy as it realized the importance of online sales of movies for its future growth. Netflix introduced the Quikster brand in an attempt to phase out its DVD sales business. However, this strategy failed. Netflix continues to offer both DVD services and online subscriptions of movies. Online subscriptions now account for a sizeable percentage of the company’s revenues (Stelter para 5). The failure of Quikster led to a significant fall in Netflix’s share value and profitability. However, the company is slowly repairing its reputation. Works Cited Frankel, Daniel. â€Å"Forecast: Online demand for movies, TV shows will top DVD sales this year.â₠¬  PaidContent. 2012. Web. Greenwald, Will. â€Å"Change or die: Netflix and the future of home video.† PCMag. Web. Stelter, Brian. â€Å"Netflix, in reversal, will keep its services together.† The New York Times. 2011. Web. This assessment on Home Video Rental Industry was written and submitted by user Yoda to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Earl Giles Assessments Of and How For Learning

Earl Giles Assessments Of and How For Learning Earl Giles Assessments Of and How For Learning Earl Giles Assessments Of and How For Learning Teaching and learning are ongoing interactive process that takes place in the classroom between teachers and students. Assessment relates to gathering data of this process, which expresses teaching and learning outcome. The data is then analyzed, which reveals success and failure of both teacher and student, areas of improvement, whether teaching method is suitable for students, how the students are thinking, how are they visible during teaching. Collected data can also discover many other additional perspectives. Earl Giles in the article â€Å"An-other Look at Assessment: Assessment in Learning† implies a new concept of teaching and learning assessment (Earl Giles, 2011). Educational assessment so far has been described using phrases: assessment of learning, assessment for learning and assessment as learning. The cornerstone of this new concept is in the proposition â€Å"in† to describe educational assessment. The authors suggest that teachers need to find a way of â€Å"being in† assessment while assessing knowledge and skills of students. Assessment of learning, also known as summative assessment largely determines learning outcome at the end of the teaching program. Assessment for learning also known as formative assessment evaluates both teachers and students’ activities undertaken by them. Formative assessment is conducted in interactive process from teacher to student and student to the teacher, as well as from student-to-student. It evaluates teaching planning, and students thinking and learning process. The aim of this assessment is not grading, but to increase the student’s self esteem. Earl Giles describes asses sment is an experiment with living individuals, which involves thinking and strategizing of language use and activity of participants (Earl Giles, 2011). That is why; the concept uses the term â€Å"being-in†. This idea reveals how well a teacher is â€Å"being-with†, and â€Å"being-in† relationship with the students. The concept evaluates both teachers and students â€Å"being- in† assessment. The â€Å"being-in† assessment includes: focusing on students’ learning process, seeing and reading them, responding and acting on what is noticed, and recognizing their changes and growth. live CHAT

Midterm study guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Midterm study guide - Essay Example Mantiklos dedicated the sculpture to Apollo, the hunter, hoping for gift in return (Helen, Fred, & Christin, 2005, p. 787). What is a kouros? Kouros is a statue built to the size, sometimes larger than the actual size of the objet that it represented. Most of Kouros were made of marble except in limited occasions where they were made from other sculptor materials. Kouros had a standing frontal posture with one of the legs displaced forward in a manner of walking. The arms were close to the body, rested on the thighs. Kouros depicted strict symmetry and different parts of the anatomy constructed as simple geometric forms (Helen, Fred, & Christin, 2005, pp. 805-810). The favorite subject of Greek artists was male instead of females. Female nudity was rare in Greek art because it had either religious or erotic implications. Therefore, women as the subject of art were restricted to vase paintings of courtesans and slave girls. The portrayal of nude goddesses was considered scandalous and artists rarely sculpted woman (Helen, Fred, & Christin, 2005, p. 835). The Greek temple layout was based on an architectural design of megaron, a form of building that has been in use since the Bronze Age. The temple was organized into rectangular cellas that had protruding walls called antae. The protrusions framed a porch called pronaos at one end. The building was cordoned off by a margin, the adyton that served the purpose of admission of priests. Two or more columns supported the porch. The temple was constructed on a raised platform called stylobate. As a design rule, the external colonnade contained along the long side twice the number of columns in the short side. Columns comprised of three parts; the base, the shaft and the top (capital) (Helen, Fred, & Christin, 2005, pp. 923-925). What is the center of the temple – what were temples for? Greek temples served as homes for gods and goddesses whose role was

Macro and micro economics analysis Research Paper

Macro and micro economics analysis - Research Paper Example Toyota Camry is one of the popular cars that are being manufactured by Toyota. The car is available in global market in two classes, such as Narrow-Body; Compact class and Wide-Body; Mid-Size class. The car under these segments has achieved huge fame since its establishment in the year 1982. Indian car industry is very much potential and year after year the demand of cars is increasing significantly. The target audience of Toyota Camry in Indian market is the people who are highly educated and enjoys high living standard. Both men and women over 30 years of age are the key target consumer of this particular product. Indian automotive and car market is highly potential and competitive enough. Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai Motors, Tata Motors, Ford Motors and Mahindra and Mahindra are the major competitors of Toyota in Indian market (Kotler, 2009). Maruti Suzuki is the leading player within the Indian Vehicle industry according to the market share figure 2010 (Figure 1). Microeconomics Market Mechanism: Demand and Supply Considering the market mechanism in India, historical facts help us to understand the Indian market. India started manufacturing automobile after 1947. Before Independence in the times of 1920, the Maharajas possessed cars especially of Rolls Royce as their status symbols. With time after independence, the need for a people’s car evolved and the middle class families also started to own cars. Initially the indigenous automobile companies captured the majority of market share but with the liberalization in government policies, the foreign automobile giants like Toyota started to invest in the Indian market. For launch of Toyota Camry, Toyota can look at the positive indicators of Indian market which indicates that the Indian car market is the fourth largest in the continent of Asia and stands out as the fifth largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles. The price elasticity of demand and supply in the Indian market are the key factors that Toyota would need to consider before the launch of Toyota Camry. It is to be kept in mind that the cars in India are considered as a luxury product. Also the Indian market consists of consumers ranging from lower class to lower middle class to middle class to upper class. Thus various sections of the society according to their levels of income make the Indian car market a mixed bag. Thus the price of cars in Indian car market is a significant factor as market responses largely vary with respect to changes in the car price. With unit changes in price of the cars, the demand of the cars in India would decrease and the supply of cars in India would fall. Thus the price elasticity of demand and supply for cars in India is greater than 1 showing the demand and supply id highly elastic with respect to price of cars in India. Also the rise in price of related goods of car like petrol, diesel also affects the demand and supply of cars in India. Thus the factor of cross-elasticity of indirect goods like petrol is also present in the Indian car market. The income elasticity on demand and supply in the Indian car market also needs to be considered for the launch of Toyota Camry. The factors of production for Toyota Camry with respect to its launch in the Indian market include an analysis of the demand and supply of the car market in India. The Indian car market was de-licensed in 1991 with the gates in automobile sector opened for 100% investment by the foreign

Community Participation In Disaster Management

Community Participation In Disaster Management Though we have argued that community participation in the context of disaster management is imperative, there are still several debates under the context of participatory development that could somehow influence its successful implementation, hence, should be taken into account especially during the planning phase of the CBDRM. First, the complexity of individual motivations. It is difficult to move a community towards a certain direction, particularly if the members have different interests and motivations. As noted earlier, community is a complex social structure comprised of different perspectives, opinions and motivations. Conversely, motivation and willingness to participate is dictated by individual thinking and determined by own underlying interests. Their experiences on disasters could influence their behavior; however for community members who have not experienced extreme natural disaster, raising their interest in prevention and capacity building becomes more difficult as it seems abstract for them, unlike physical or structural measures that are visible and tangible such as installing early warning devices, etc. Similarly, exposure to external aids could influence communitys interest to participate; this is in particular to urban areas, who have become accustomed to receiving external assistance thus their reluctance to undertake risk management on their own (Solo, n.d.). Another area under this is the personal-driven motivations with vested interests that could influence, hamper or even deviate the result of the participatory development process. And politicians or soon to be politicians find this kind of activity personally beneficial for them by earning popularity. Second, participation requires effort and time. The CBDRM implementation is comprised of various activities, such as planning and capacity buildings, that require active and continuous participation from various stakeholders. While these activities involved a considerable time and effort, some community members perceive these series of participation as waste of time and/or economically unproductive activity, thus opt to focus more on their work and earn money, instead. While for the part of the organizer, participatory process such as public consultation is also time consuming. Organizing requires proper and detailed planning for scheduling of activities, identifying stakeholders, sending out invitation and confirming attendance. The quality and productivity of the activity is affected by the possible low turn-out of attendance among target participants. Third, restricted women participation and cultural boundaries. The CBDRM puts emphasis on the different risks and vulnerabilities faced by members of the communities, such that, male perceived risks differently as compared to female, and similar with adult to children. However, some culture restricts participation and voluntarism; concrete example is on women participation. There are some cultures that confine womens role within the boundaries of domestic activities. Despite the current effort to gender mainstream disaster reduction, with the consequent enormous household tasks directly or indirectly imposed to them, these offer women less time to interact in social activities and participate in community development actions. Fourth, local power relation within the community. The dynamics that exists within the community is clearly manifested on the relationship between the rich and poor, elite and commoners, and literate and illiterate. These relationships bring us to the questions on who can really participate, who can talk and verbalize their opinions during public consultations or workshops. Often times, those who are well-informed and have time to participate dominate the discussion, while leaving behind the poor and the illiterate who has the greater degree of vulnerability. To put stress further, the UNDP asserts that the communities who are most vulnerable to natural events are frequently those who have a disproportionately high number of illiterate members (Solo, n.d.). Fifth, local knowledge influenced by local power relations. CBDRM builds on the existing local knowledge to assess community risks, and serve as basis in developing plans. However, local knowledge can be influenced by local power relations, authority and gender (Mosse, 2002). Other personalities or stakeholders may impute their own interests to or influence the local knowledge which may not necessarily resolve the issues of disaster risks or lead to greater and common interests of all of improving community resiliency. And Fifth, creating development fatigue among stakeholders. Since participatory development is among the most popular approaches in development, many development initiatives have embraced and integrated it within their programs and projects. Consultations and/or collaboration among stakeholders has been repeatedly being undertaken along different stages of one or more different programs and projects, this repeated process could eventually create fatigue among stakeholders, especially when despite of continuing consultations no advancement or progress is achieved. These are some of the limitations and challenges that may be faced by project implementers of CBDRM within the scope of participatory development. These limitations only follows that bringing real community participation to risk management is a difficult task which all actors should understand or at least recognize (Solo, n.d.:26). And to understand more what CBDRM is as applied to real world, the next part gives us practical examples illustrating how effective implementation of CBDRM could potentially improve community resiliency. CBDRM Good Practices Globally, CBDRM has been promoted as an approach to improve community resiliency. International development organizations and non-government organizations strongly lobby CBDRM for policy adoption and mainstreaming in the disaster management framework of national and local governments. Currently, most CBDRM projects are led by local and international NGOs, either in partnership with other civil society organizations, NGOs, international development organizations or local government. The UN ISDR compiled good practices in CBDRM that illustrates how communities have worked together towards a common goal and benefitted from their undertaking. Directly lifted from the UN ISDR study, entitled Building Disaster Resilient Communities: Good Practices and Lessons Learned (2007), below are some of the examples of CBDRM practices that link with climate change adaptation and implemented in different countries considered highly vulnerable. Involving community members in increasing public awareness and capacity building through creating information campaigns to enhance the safety of the population at risk is cited as good practice. The project is an information campaign which stimulates creativeness and innovativeness from the local actors and similarly optimizes local talents, knowledge, and local resources in a way easily comprehensible to the local community members. This is a project implemented in Haiti in 22 settlements in coordination with their Local Civil Protection Committees (LCPCs) through the assistance from Oxfam GB. Natural hazards such as earthquakes have been continuously affecting the country of Haiti, while its urban areas are characterized with its dense urban population and dense built areas this make the country more vulnerable (UN-ISDR, 2007). Another good practice is on creating access among low income groups to disaster micro-insurance scheme. Taking into account that risk transfer supports sustainable economic recovery, micro-insurance could serve as a cushion to lessen impact of disaster, particularly among the poor victims whom majority have limited or no access to risk transfer schemes. The micro-insurance represents an innovative approach to help the victims; wherein risk is transferred from the individual level to the community or inter-community levels. With the implementation of micro-insurance, this elicit positive feedbacks from the communities claiming that insurance in times of crisis is essential, the affordability of the scheme makes it accessible for the poor households, and which consequently result to reduced dependence from outside relief. This is the approach of the Afat Vimo scheme, a project implemented in India after a major earthquake exposed the community members to disaster-induced financial loss es. The project is said to be part of the Regional Risk Transfer Initiative, an action learning project of the Gujaratbased All India Disaster Mitigation Institute (UN-ISDR, 2007). With the long drought being experienced, crop failures and the consequent food shortage, this has led a community in Indonesia to identify a mechanism to prevent food shortage. The community established a monitoring system for food security and livelihood and community early warning system largely based from their indigenous knowledge in combination with modern science, which the UN ISDR (2007) considered a good practice. The project has three components: community awareness and indicator development to monitor food security and livelihood; community early warning system; and advocacy on appropriate agricultural system such as promotion of crops suitable for drought-prone land. The project is in partnership with local NGO aiming to increase community resilience from drought in Southeastern Indonesia. The region is characterized by experiencing a three-month rainy season and a nine-month drought season. Problems on food shortage is said to be brought by lack of climate-related knowled ge and information that results to crop failure (UN-ISDR, 2007). Another good practice project where it illustrates that local context of communities can be a dynamic force in reducing risks, is on creating flood and typhoon-resilient homes through employing a cost-effective retrofitting. The project was initiated to put emphasis on the capacity of families and local communities in playing a key role in Vietnams disaster risk reduction strategy and in reducing their vulnerabilities, which during the project implementation, community-based disaster risk reduction, is still not integrated. The process involves community consultation and preventive action planning. The project is Development Workshop France (DWF), a program initiated in Vietnam through Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and European Commission Humanitarian aid Office (ECHO). The severe typhoons and floods affecting the country have resulted to damage and loss of housing in the affected communities (UN-ISDR, 2007). In order to understand current local environmental situation, develop awareness and capacity to deal with, and to contribute to relevant policy formulation, one of the communities in Namibia established an inter-community platform and local-level monitoring as support for local decision making. The plat-form serves as medium for community organization and communication. Moreover, the approach strengthens capacity among the community to coordinate their own activities and preparing their development plans. The local-level monitoring, on the other hand, is used to support information exchange and decision making. The monitoring scheme, where community members themselves have identified the relevant indicators, serves as a tool for identification of environmental changes that may affect their livelihoods; furthermore, the results are used as basis for decisions on management actions, climate variability, policy changes, etc. Overall, the community benefits from the project by improving their capacities and promoting institutional development which consequently lead to enhanced resource management and livelihoods and increased capacity to manage and reduce risks related to drought and desertification and other potential disasters. This project in Namibia has influenced several government policy instruments with on-going derivative projects. Namibia is experiencing drought and desertification which impacts the livelihoods of people living in drylands. Poverty, increasing population, urbanization, naturally variable climate, climate change, lack of community organizations, political issues and other pressures further compound the problem (UN-ISDR, 2007). The convergence of a community-level approach and city governments participation strengthens sustainability and ownership; this is the underlying assumption in one of the CBDRM projects in the Philippines. Wherein, it mainstream community-based mitigation in the city governance through partnering with the local government in the implementation of the project. The project has five (5) components, these are: (i) CBDRM participatory risk assessment training of trainers (ToT) for the city officials, who in turn provide training to communities; reactivation of the City Disaster Coordinating Council and Community Disaster Coordinating Council; institutionalization of a school Disaster Safety Day; celebration of the Disaster Safety Day in all schools; developing and implementing a City Disaster Risk Reduction Plan. This is a CBDRM project implemented in the Philippines through Asian Disaster Preparedness Center and in partnership with the city local government. The country is among countrie s with highest exposure to natural hazards, a climate hotspot and belongs to the most natural disaster prone countries (UN-ISDR, 2007). These are some of the CBDRM examples which, as we noted and apparent feature in these cases, are highly participatory in nature, engaging various stakeholders in different phases of project management as resource base, while trying to address vulnerabilities and recognizing impacts of natural hazards with the goal of strengthening community resiliency. However linking to the shortcomings of participatory development, these initiatives have, likewise, recognized challenges in the implementation of the project from the perspective of the project team, community level, and in partnering with the local government. For the part of the project organizer, it is on the project activities being time consuming which requires them to maintain efforts and demonstrate firmness, in terms of supervision and support, to ensure good quality output. For community level, it is on convincing communities on the process of participatory development and reassuring that social systems and cultures would be respected; motivating community members and elaborating the benefits they can derive from the project; maintaining community consensus and achieving behavioral change; ensuring and keeping up community participation throughout the project period through motivation; and enhancing or broadening community members local knowledge to enable a more participa tory assessment. Moreover, the political and administrative culture such as top-down approach and government-led planning affecting project implementation; while support both from the local government and the community for long-term sustainability (UN-ISDR, 2007). The last part allows us to step back from the purpose of this study, summarizing the arguments and concluding whether CBDRM is an effective approach to climate change adaptation. Likewise, it will give us some ideas where the study can have wider implications for possible future focus of research.

Community Participation In Disaster Management

Community Participation In Disaster Management Though we have argued that community participation in the context of disaster management is imperative, there are still several debates under the context of participatory development that could somehow influence its successful implementation, hence, should be taken into account especially during the planning phase of the CBDRM. First, the complexity of individual motivations. It is difficult to move a community towards a certain direction, particularly if the members have different interests and motivations. As noted earlier, community is a complex social structure comprised of different perspectives, opinions and motivations. Conversely, motivation and willingness to participate is dictated by individual thinking and determined by own underlying interests. Their experiences on disasters could influence their behavior; however for community members who have not experienced extreme natural disaster, raising their interest in prevention and capacity building becomes more difficult as it seems abstract for them, unlike physical or structural measures that are visible and tangible such as installing early warning devices, etc. Similarly, exposure to external aids could influence communitys interest to participate; this is in particular to urban areas, who have become accustomed to receiving external assistance thus their reluctance to undertake risk management on their own (Solo, n.d.). Another area under this is the personal-driven motivations with vested interests that could influence, hamper or even deviate the result of the participatory development process. And politicians or soon to be politicians find this kind of activity personally beneficial for them by earning popularity. Second, participation requires effort and time. The CBDRM implementation is comprised of various activities, such as planning and capacity buildings, that require active and continuous participation from various stakeholders. While these activities involved a considerable time and effort, some community members perceive these series of participation as waste of time and/or economically unproductive activity, thus opt to focus more on their work and earn money, instead. While for the part of the organizer, participatory process such as public consultation is also time consuming. Organizing requires proper and detailed planning for scheduling of activities, identifying stakeholders, sending out invitation and confirming attendance. The quality and productivity of the activity is affected by the possible low turn-out of attendance among target participants. Third, restricted women participation and cultural boundaries. The CBDRM puts emphasis on the different risks and vulnerabilities faced by members of the communities, such that, male perceived risks differently as compared to female, and similar with adult to children. However, some culture restricts participation and voluntarism; concrete example is on women participation. There are some cultures that confine womens role within the boundaries of domestic activities. Despite the current effort to gender mainstream disaster reduction, with the consequent enormous household tasks directly or indirectly imposed to them, these offer women less time to interact in social activities and participate in community development actions. Fourth, local power relation within the community. The dynamics that exists within the community is clearly manifested on the relationship between the rich and poor, elite and commoners, and literate and illiterate. These relationships bring us to the questions on who can really participate, who can talk and verbalize their opinions during public consultations or workshops. Often times, those who are well-informed and have time to participate dominate the discussion, while leaving behind the poor and the illiterate who has the greater degree of vulnerability. To put stress further, the UNDP asserts that the communities who are most vulnerable to natural events are frequently those who have a disproportionately high number of illiterate members (Solo, n.d.). Fifth, local knowledge influenced by local power relations. CBDRM builds on the existing local knowledge to assess community risks, and serve as basis in developing plans. However, local knowledge can be influenced by local power relations, authority and gender (Mosse, 2002). Other personalities or stakeholders may impute their own interests to or influence the local knowledge which may not necessarily resolve the issues of disaster risks or lead to greater and common interests of all of improving community resiliency. And Fifth, creating development fatigue among stakeholders. Since participatory development is among the most popular approaches in development, many development initiatives have embraced and integrated it within their programs and projects. Consultations and/or collaboration among stakeholders has been repeatedly being undertaken along different stages of one or more different programs and projects, this repeated process could eventually create fatigue among stakeholders, especially when despite of continuing consultations no advancement or progress is achieved. These are some of the limitations and challenges that may be faced by project implementers of CBDRM within the scope of participatory development. These limitations only follows that bringing real community participation to risk management is a difficult task which all actors should understand or at least recognize (Solo, n.d.:26). And to understand more what CBDRM is as applied to real world, the next part gives us practical examples illustrating how effective implementation of CBDRM could potentially improve community resiliency. CBDRM Good Practices Globally, CBDRM has been promoted as an approach to improve community resiliency. International development organizations and non-government organizations strongly lobby CBDRM for policy adoption and mainstreaming in the disaster management framework of national and local governments. Currently, most CBDRM projects are led by local and international NGOs, either in partnership with other civil society organizations, NGOs, international development organizations or local government. The UN ISDR compiled good practices in CBDRM that illustrates how communities have worked together towards a common goal and benefitted from their undertaking. Directly lifted from the UN ISDR study, entitled Building Disaster Resilient Communities: Good Practices and Lessons Learned (2007), below are some of the examples of CBDRM practices that link with climate change adaptation and implemented in different countries considered highly vulnerable. Involving community members in increasing public awareness and capacity building through creating information campaigns to enhance the safety of the population at risk is cited as good practice. The project is an information campaign which stimulates creativeness and innovativeness from the local actors and similarly optimizes local talents, knowledge, and local resources in a way easily comprehensible to the local community members. This is a project implemented in Haiti in 22 settlements in coordination with their Local Civil Protection Committees (LCPCs) through the assistance from Oxfam GB. Natural hazards such as earthquakes have been continuously affecting the country of Haiti, while its urban areas are characterized with its dense urban population and dense built areas this make the country more vulnerable (UN-ISDR, 2007). Another good practice is on creating access among low income groups to disaster micro-insurance scheme. Taking into account that risk transfer supports sustainable economic recovery, micro-insurance could serve as a cushion to lessen impact of disaster, particularly among the poor victims whom majority have limited or no access to risk transfer schemes. The micro-insurance represents an innovative approach to help the victims; wherein risk is transferred from the individual level to the community or inter-community levels. With the implementation of micro-insurance, this elicit positive feedbacks from the communities claiming that insurance in times of crisis is essential, the affordability of the scheme makes it accessible for the poor households, and which consequently result to reduced dependence from outside relief. This is the approach of the Afat Vimo scheme, a project implemented in India after a major earthquake exposed the community members to disaster-induced financial loss es. The project is said to be part of the Regional Risk Transfer Initiative, an action learning project of the Gujaratbased All India Disaster Mitigation Institute (UN-ISDR, 2007). With the long drought being experienced, crop failures and the consequent food shortage, this has led a community in Indonesia to identify a mechanism to prevent food shortage. The community established a monitoring system for food security and livelihood and community early warning system largely based from their indigenous knowledge in combination with modern science, which the UN ISDR (2007) considered a good practice. The project has three components: community awareness and indicator development to monitor food security and livelihood; community early warning system; and advocacy on appropriate agricultural system such as promotion of crops suitable for drought-prone land. The project is in partnership with local NGO aiming to increase community resilience from drought in Southeastern Indonesia. The region is characterized by experiencing a three-month rainy season and a nine-month drought season. Problems on food shortage is said to be brought by lack of climate-related knowled ge and information that results to crop failure (UN-ISDR, 2007). Another good practice project where it illustrates that local context of communities can be a dynamic force in reducing risks, is on creating flood and typhoon-resilient homes through employing a cost-effective retrofitting. The project was initiated to put emphasis on the capacity of families and local communities in playing a key role in Vietnams disaster risk reduction strategy and in reducing their vulnerabilities, which during the project implementation, community-based disaster risk reduction, is still not integrated. The process involves community consultation and preventive action planning. The project is Development Workshop France (DWF), a program initiated in Vietnam through Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and European Commission Humanitarian aid Office (ECHO). The severe typhoons and floods affecting the country have resulted to damage and loss of housing in the affected communities (UN-ISDR, 2007). In order to understand current local environmental situation, develop awareness and capacity to deal with, and to contribute to relevant policy formulation, one of the communities in Namibia established an inter-community platform and local-level monitoring as support for local decision making. The plat-form serves as medium for community organization and communication. Moreover, the approach strengthens capacity among the community to coordinate their own activities and preparing their development plans. The local-level monitoring, on the other hand, is used to support information exchange and decision making. The monitoring scheme, where community members themselves have identified the relevant indicators, serves as a tool for identification of environmental changes that may affect their livelihoods; furthermore, the results are used as basis for decisions on management actions, climate variability, policy changes, etc. Overall, the community benefits from the project by improving their capacities and promoting institutional development which consequently lead to enhanced resource management and livelihoods and increased capacity to manage and reduce risks related to drought and desertification and other potential disasters. This project in Namibia has influenced several government policy instruments with on-going derivative projects. Namibia is experiencing drought and desertification which impacts the livelihoods of people living in drylands. Poverty, increasing population, urbanization, naturally variable climate, climate change, lack of community organizations, political issues and other pressures further compound the problem (UN-ISDR, 2007). The convergence of a community-level approach and city governments participation strengthens sustainability and ownership; this is the underlying assumption in one of the CBDRM projects in the Philippines. Wherein, it mainstream community-based mitigation in the city governance through partnering with the local government in the implementation of the project. The project has five (5) components, these are: (i) CBDRM participatory risk assessment training of trainers (ToT) for the city officials, who in turn provide training to communities; reactivation of the City Disaster Coordinating Council and Community Disaster Coordinating Council; institutionalization of a school Disaster Safety Day; celebration of the Disaster Safety Day in all schools; developing and implementing a City Disaster Risk Reduction Plan. This is a CBDRM project implemented in the Philippines through Asian Disaster Preparedness Center and in partnership with the city local government. The country is among countrie s with highest exposure to natural hazards, a climate hotspot and belongs to the most natural disaster prone countries (UN-ISDR, 2007). These are some of the CBDRM examples which, as we noted and apparent feature in these cases, are highly participatory in nature, engaging various stakeholders in different phases of project management as resource base, while trying to address vulnerabilities and recognizing impacts of natural hazards with the goal of strengthening community resiliency. However linking to the shortcomings of participatory development, these initiatives have, likewise, recognized challenges in the implementation of the project from the perspective of the project team, community level, and in partnering with the local government. For the part of the project organizer, it is on the project activities being time consuming which requires them to maintain efforts and demonstrate firmness, in terms of supervision and support, to ensure good quality output. For community level, it is on convincing communities on the process of participatory development and reassuring that social systems and cultures would be respected; motivating community members and elaborating the benefits they can derive from the project; maintaining community consensus and achieving behavioral change; ensuring and keeping up community participation throughout the project period through motivation; and enhancing or broadening community members local knowledge to enable a more participa tory assessment. Moreover, the political and administrative culture such as top-down approach and government-led planning affecting project implementation; while support both from the local government and the community for long-term sustainability (UN-ISDR, 2007). The last part allows us to step back from the purpose of this study, summarizing the arguments and concluding whether CBDRM is an effective approach to climate change adaptation. Likewise, it will give us some ideas where the study can have wider implications for possible future focus of research.